Forum Index > Latin learning | 拉丁语学习 > 创世纪拉丁版选段

liyongyi 8 months ago
ActivityRank: 121
CAPUT 1 1 in principio creavit Deus caelum et terram 2 terra autem erat inanis et vacua et tenebrae super faciem abyssi et spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquas 3 dixitque Deus fiat lux et facta est lux 4 et vidit Deus lucem quod esset bona et divisit lucem ac tenebras 5 appellavitque lucem diem et tenebras noctem factumque est vespere et mane dies unus 6 dixit quoque Deus fiat firmamentum in medio aquarum et dividat aquas ab aquis 7 et fecit Deus firmamentum divisitque aquas quae erant sub firmamento ab his quae erant super firmamentum et factum est ita 8 vocavitque Deus firmamentum caelum et factum est vespere et mane dies secundus 9 dixit vero Deus congregentur aquae quae sub caelo sunt in locum unum et appareat arida factumque est ita 10 et vocavit Deus aridam terram congregationesque aquarum appellavit maria et vidit Deus quod esset bonum 11 et ait germinet terra herbam virentem et facientem semen et lignum pomiferum faciens fructum iuxta genus suum cuius semen in semet ipso sit super terram et factum est ita 12 et protulit terra herbam virentem et adferentem semen iuxta genus suum lignumque faciens fructum et habens unumquodque sementem secundum speciem suam et vidit Deus quod esset bonum 13 factumque est vespere et mane dies tertius 14 dixit autem Deus fiant luminaria in firmamento caeli ut dividant diem ac noctem et sint in signa et tempora et dies et annos 15 ut luceant in firmamento caeli et inluminent terram et factum est ita 16 fecitque Deus duo magna luminaria luminare maius ut praeesset diei et luminare minus ut praeesset nocti et stellas 17 et posuit eas in firmamento caeli ut lucerent super terram 18 et praeessent diei ac nocti et dividerent lucem ac tenebras et vidit Deus quod esset bonum 19 et factum est vespere et mane dies quartus 20 dixit etiam Deus producant aquae reptile animae viventis et volatile super terram sub firmamento caeli 21 creavitque Deus cete grandia et omnem animam viventem atque motabilem quam produxerant aquae in species suas et omne volatile secundum genus suum et vidit Deus quod esset bonum 22 benedixitque eis dicens crescite et multiplicamini et replete aquas maris avesque multiplicentur super terram 23 et factum est vespere et mane dies quintus 24 dixit quoque Deus producat terra animam viventem in genere suo iumenta et reptilia et bestias terrae secundum species suas factumque est ita 25 et fecit Deus bestias terrae iuxta species suas et iumenta et omne reptile terrae in genere suo et vidit Deus quod esset bonum 26 et ait faciamus hominem ad imaginem et similitudinem nostram et praesit piscibus maris et volatilibus caeli et bestiis universaeque terrae omnique reptili quod movetur in terra 27 et creavit Deus hominem ad imaginem suam ad imaginem Dei creavit illum masculum et feminam creavit eos 28 benedixitque illis Deus et ait crescite et multiplicamini et replete terram et subicite eam et dominamini piscibus maris et volatilibus caeli et universis animantibus quae moventur super terram 29 dixitque Deus ecce dedi vobis omnem herbam adferentem semen super terram et universa ligna quae habent in semet ipsis sementem generis sui ut sint vobis in escam 30 et cunctis animantibus terrae omnique volucri caeli et universis quae moventur in terra et in quibus est anima vivens ut habeant ad vescendum et factum est ita 31 viditque Deus cuncta quae fecit et erant valde bona et factum est vespere et mane dies sextus
Varro 8 months ago
ActivityRank: 74
武加大不知道还算不算古典拉丁文。
snakeqx 8 months ago
ActivityRank: 16
我好像在哪里看到过,说Vulgate里大量运用了“通俗”拉丁语(所以叫Vulgate吧^_^),所以这个版本流传的很广。不知道希伯来语原始文本到现在还有无保存。
Varro 7 months ago
ActivityRank: 74
四五世紀之交,hieronymus將希臘文聖經翻譯成拉丁文,並且改寫了就的拉丁文聖經片段。學習拉丁文已經沒有必要讀拉丁文版的武加大,多看看黃金白銀時代的作品才是正道。 近乎所有的宗教原始經典都是後人增補的,原始文本自然是沒有的,否則沒有了派別之爭,一切看原始文本。
Varro 7 months ago
ActivityRank: 74
怎麼只有六天的事情,第七天呢,如果休息也應該記一筆的。
lxr0913 7 months ago
ActivityRank: 28
学习拉丁文非常需要好的入门读物,说实话,从用词和句法来看,的确还是vulgata更加适合。
Varro 7 months ago
ActivityRank: 74
說實話,從用詞和句法很難看出武加大有什麽勝殊之處,樓上不妨據一些例子,一起學習。
lxr0913 7 months ago
ActivityRank: 28
首先,此本是译文,由于哲罗姆是翻译,必须以信为本,不可自我发挥,所以Vulgata和西塞罗不能放在一起说。 译文方面,首先,《旧约》原文是闪含语系的希伯来文,我听过两堂课,古希伯来文并无印欧语系这么多的位格,所以需要靠语序决定语义,这样来看,进行拉丁文翻译时,语序的决定至关重要,我想,虽然哲罗姆肯定参考过“七十贤士本”即Septuaginta,但拉丁文要做到信达雅是极为困难的。所以说,起码仅就旧约来讲,翻译出来并受到广大承认就能说明Vulgata的句法十分殊胜。 而且,当时学术环境极为衰微,认字的人都没几个,而哲罗姆因通达希伯来、希腊、拉丁文而被称为“三语之人”,可见其学术地位。 用词上我只举一个例子:“我是道路、真理、生命,”约翰福音14:6 希腊原文为:Egw eimi h hodos kai h alhqeia kai h zwh Vulgata为:Ego sum via,veritas et vita. 三个“V”连用可谓通神。
lxr0913 7 months ago
ActivityRank: 28
此外,Vulgata的名字并不是因为其用了“通俗拉丁文”,而是因为它的拉丁译文受到最广泛的认可,所以中世纪的经文编订者称之为“Vulgata”,这个名字是表示敬意的,不含贬义在其中,应理解为“受到广泛认可的”
Varro 7 months ago
ActivityRank: 74
希埃羅尼姆斯的拉丁文水平這裡不展開,肯定是超一流的。如果對比可以看出希氏的翻譯是直譯死譯。很常用的例子就是同樣一個希伯來語詞彙nebel在希臘文拉丁文譯本里完全一致地17次翻譯為psalterium,4次lyra,3次nablium(按照nebel生造的)。 道路、真理、生命不翻譯成via,veritas et vita還能翻譯成什麽?Ego sum via,veritas et vita這句拉丁文的語序安排恐怕是非拉丁文母語者說的。同樣這句話西塞羅也許會大喊道EGO VIA VERITAS VITAQVE。 武加大正因為其拉丁文淺近,和古典拉丁文有點距離,所以才會受到“廣泛認可”。我記得該版本的詩篇全部有重譯本?這是為何?希氏不權威?
lxr0913 7 months ago
ActivityRank: 28
我想尝试过用拉丁语翻译圣经的人肯定还有,不过能坚持下来的估计就他老人家了 我是这么想的:生造的词不必见怪,佛经中的“佛”、“涅槃”、“般若”等等那些最重要的词都是新造的,Vulgata的可能还算少了。 直译、死译应当是译经的基本方针,雅、达在这种经典当中不能和“信”比
Varro 7 months ago
ActivityRank: 74
新約之希臘文直譯死譯成拉丁文,基本上可以是自然狀態下的信達雅。與拉丁文沒有親屬關繫的希伯來語阿拉米語寫成的舊約直譯死譯成拉丁文,難道能確保信? 講拉丁語的羅馬人原來不信那宗教,自然沒有那宗教的詞彙,希氏也不是羅馬人,因其拉丁文被認為是影響拉丁文的四大家之一。也就是說,自希氏之後,充滿教堂氣息的拉丁文便於古典拉丁文差距越來越大,這樣的拉丁文對非宗教相關人士研習沒有教堂氣息的古典拉丁文來說百害無一利。不知同意否。一起探討。
lxr0913 7 months ago
ActivityRank: 28
明白你的意思了,我的看法是:拉丁文确然在黄金白银时代到达了顶峰,但基督教时代乃至后世文艺复兴时期也有着重要意义,我们学习古典语言无外乎想了解以其为载体的文化,欧洲希腊化时代之后到基督教时代之间的文化当然非常殊胜,但我们也不应该忽略其后的文明——须知一切近代文明都是从此处繁衍出来的。 教堂气息确乎是中世纪拉丁文的一个重要特征,这是因为中世纪文明是以基督教为根本的,所以说,想了解古代拉丁文,中世纪文献不必读。 不过,拉丁文对于初学者并无那么大区别,我的观点是,哪个简单用哪个做入门,凯撒的用词对于初学者来说还是过于丰富了点,不如Vulgata,大多是基本单词。
lxr0913 7 months ago
ActivityRank: 28
能把Vulgata读一读之后,再看凯撒,也不会有什么害处吧。
Horace 7 months ago
ActivityRank: 26
Whether you are interested in the Classics or later Latin, you must first master the fundamentals of the language which are all the same. The verb "to be, to go, to see etc. are all the same. So therefore, any good begininng grammar book will help you there. You must also realize that the Vulgate, although not written in the Classical Period, is not Medieval either. It was wriitten by Jerome in the 5th Cent. Ecclesiastical Latin is, for the most part "grammatically correct" by Classic Period standards i.e. adjectives agree with their nouns, verbs agree with their subjects etc. The most striking difference you will notice is the degree of the "analytic" nature of the language manifesting itself, i.e. a pattern of word order is beginning to appear. Verbs are no longer automatically placed at the end of sentences and the subjects are usually placed in front. The genitive case is gradually being substituted by "de"+abl, and even the dative by "ad"+acc. Structures such as reported discourse are virtually non-existent.Having explained some of the structural peculiarities, the point remains that a good grasp of basic Latin is necessary prior to branching off into different periods. After about the third year level you may want to start searching sites such as "unavoce.org" or "fssp.org" for good links to Ecclesiatical Latin resources. 以上是俺那wordreference.com的帖子,好在它举了一个例子:动词不再自动的放在句末尾了,主语要放在句子开始等等。 个人以为凯撒的当然有正宗的味道了,也不反对楼上的观点,lxr 的恰如说先学了现代中文,再来攻文言文。以上的帖子非本人作为。 俺聊聊翻译:比如母语为英语的来收看中央9套英语节目,可能觉的语法都说的通,就是还不对胃口。原因是翻译总有误差和距离。
Horace 7 months ago
ActivityRank: 26
好像不同时期的Latin文不应该有好坏差别吧?---只有阅读喜好不同吧?
lxr0913 7 months ago
ActivityRank: 28
Vulgata最殊胜之处莫过于决定了旧约原文中词汇的排序
Varro 6 months ago
ActivityRank: 74
不过,拉丁文对于初学者并无那么大区别。 这个观点要提醒一下,学习没有动词的植物学拉丁文的,对古典拉丁文依然是无知。 当然,自学拉丁文,看什么范文是自由的。武加大对培养宗教的虔诚有点用处,但对系统学习拉丁文不是最佳范本。很多词义已经被处理过,还是从黄金时代开始,循序渐进比较妥帖。

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